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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Barrens topminnow ： ウィキペディア英語版 Barrens topminnow The Barrens topminnow (''Fundulus julisia'') is a species of freshwater fish in the Fundulidae family,〔Gimenez Dixon, M. 1996. (Fundulus julisia ). (2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ) Downloaded on 4 August 2007.〕 which is in need of management so that it may continue to and increasingly survive in the wild. There are many potential causes of decline of this species including the invasive western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) that will replace native species on a population level, wadding piscivorous birds preying on adults, and the overall restricted distribution of the species.〔Laha, M. And Mattingly, H. T. 2006. Identifying environmental conditions to promote species coexistance: an example with the native Barrens topminnow and invasive Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) . Biological invasions. 8” 719-725.〕 Managing for this species is vital for its success, but to do so there must be an understanding of the species' characteristics. It is endemic to a small portion of Tennessee in the Elk River and the West Hickory creek of the Cumberland river drainage.〔Johnson, A. B. And Bettoli, P. W. 2003. Threatened fishes of the world: Fundulus Jullisa Williams & Etnier, 1982 (Cyprinodontidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 68: 240-240〕 living up to only 3 years the life span of ''F. julisia'' is very short. In many cases the majority of the population does not even reach that age.〔Goldsworthy, C. A. And Bettoli, P.W. 2006. Growth, body condition, reproduction and survival of stocked Barrens Topminnows, Fundulus julisia (Fundulidae). American Midland Naturalist. 156(2): 331-343.〕 Most adult males are eaten by birds because of their bright coloration during breeding season.〔 Current management plans are in place for the improvement of the species such as captive breeding and reintroduction, and also private management of streams and land. Yet, more can be done to aid them in their survival efforts. Buffer zones around streams can be created to promote the health of the stream and close observation of the introduced populations needs to be a priority. With only three small original populations left in the wild〔http://conservationfisheries.org/index.php/species/current-species/fundulus-julisia-barrens-topminnow/〕 it is important that species survive in captivity, but more so in its natural environment. ==Geographic Distribution of Species== ''F. julisia'' is not only found in one state, Tennessee, but also in only one region, the Cumberland Plateau. In that specific region it is currently only found in the Elk River and a drainage creek of the Cumberland River, West Hickory Creek.〔 However, that has not always been the only thought of location for ''F. julisia's'' habitat. They are often associated with springs, but drought conditions made them adapt to survive in springs where permanent water was near by. They prefer heavily vegetated areas of aquatic vegetation or algae in shallow, slow moving water.〔Etnier, D. A. 1983. Status report for Barrens topminnow (''Fundulus julisia'' Williams and Etnier). Publ. of Tenn. Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, TN 37204. PCAN No. 0064.〕 Given the above habitat, it is observed that ''F. julisia'' can tolerate warm temperatures of water and turbidity, the presence of competitors, and the presence of predators. This, along with spawning, make aquatic vegetation a limiting factor for the fish.〔Rakes, P.L. And U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Survey of selected historic sites, potential new localities, and restoration sites for the Barrens topminnow, Fundulus julisia, on the Barrens Plateau of middle Tennessee.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barrens topminnow」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.